Irma

Nineteenth – Century Politics In The United States - TOEFL 托福閱讀考古題 解答 (二)  

單字一樣是托福考試的重中之重，單字量不夠去考托福真的只是在自虐而已，還是花錢自虐，所以一定要盡可能準備好再來考，不然也至少要多做幾份模擬題再來考。另外一個必考題型之一就是句子填空，對我自己來說，這個部份算是托福閱讀中最難的一部分，因為考生必須要理解整段裡面所有指示代名詞所指示的內容為何，並且要能理解文章的邏輯概念以及句子與句子之間的語法關係才能從選項中挑選出正確答案，所以算是一個綜合型的題目。

6. ○ 2

This is a Vocabulary question. The word being tested is inclination. It is highlighted in the passage. The fact that Jackson had an inclination to be a strong President means that he preferred being strong to having limited powers. In other words, his “tendency” was to favor a strong presidency, so choice 2 is the correct answer.

7. ○ 3

This is a Factual Information question asking for specific information that can be found in paragraph 4. The correct answer is choice 3, which is explicitly stated in sentence 3 of the paragraph. Sentences 4 and 5 explicitly refute the other choices.

8. ○ 4

This is a Vocabulary question. The word being tested is concept. It is highlighted in the passage. The passage says that “for Whigs concept of government was …” In other words, “the way Whigs thought about government was. “That process of thinking represents ideas, so choice 4 is the correct here.”

9. ○ 4

This is an Inference question asking for an inference that can be supported by paragraph 5. The correct answer is choice 4: variations in Whigs’ political beliefs reflected regional differences. This is supported be sentence 5 of the paragraph which says that certain beliefs “particularly” reflected the views of northern Whigs. That suggests that Whigs in other regions of the country had beliefs that varied from this view and implies that such differences were regional. The other three choices are not mentioned in the passage in connection with “variations” in Whigs beliefs, so there is no basis for inferring any them.

10. ○ 2

This is a Negative Factual Information question asking for specific information that can be found in paragraph 6. Choice 2 is the correct answer. Sentence 5 says that it was Whigs, not Democrats, who the support of planters involved in international trade. The next sentence, sentence 6, says that incorrect, Democrats had the support of the groups mentioned in choices 1, 3 and 4(“ workers,” “entrepreneurs,” and certain other “”). Therefore, all of the groups described in the answer choices, EXPECT the planters of choice 2, did support the Democrats.

11. ○ 4

This is a Sentence Simplification question. As with all of these items, a single sentence in the passage is highlighted:

The Whigs were strongest in the town, cities, and those rural areas that were fully integrated into the market economy, whereas Democrats dominated areas of semisubsistence farming that were more isolated and languishing economically. The correct answer is choice 4. Choice “contains all of the essential information in the tested sentence but the order in which it is presented is reversed. The highlighted sentence describes areas of Whigs strength first, and then the areas where Democrats were strong. The correct answer, choice 4, describes Democrat strongholds first, and then Whig areas. No meaning has been changed, and no information has been left out. Choice 1 is incorrect because it states that Whigs were able to attract support only in the wealthiest areas. The highlighted sentence does not say that; it says their support cane from places integrated into the market, which can include areas of all economic levels.

Choice 2 us incorrect because it says that the two parties were split between rural and urban areas. However, the highlighted sentence says that Whigs were strong in rural areas that were integrated into the market economy.

In other words, the split between the parties was based on the degree to which an area was integrated into the market, not whether it was urban or rural. Choice 3 us incorrect because the highlighted sentence makes no mention of how (or if) the Whig’s control of the market economy affected the areas dominated by the Democrats.

12. ○ 1

This is an Insert Tex question. You can see the four black squares in paragraph 2 that represent the possible answer choices here.

During Jackson’s second tram, his opponents had gradually come together to form the Whig party. ■ Whigs and Democrats held different attitudes toward the changes brought about by the market, banks, and commerce. ■ The Democrats tended to view society as a continuing conflict between “the people” farmers, planters, and workers-and a set of greedy aristocrats. ■ This “paper money aristocracy” of bankers and investors manipulated the banking system for their own profit, Democrats claimed, and sapped the nation’s virtue be encouraging speculation and the desire for sudden, unearned wealth. ■ The Democrats wanted the rewards of the market without sacrificing the features of a simple agrarian republic. They wanted the wealth that the market offered without the competitive, changing society; the complex dealing; the dominance of urban centers; and the loss of independence that came with it.

The sentence provided, “This new party against the policies of Jackson and his part in a number of important areas, beginning with the economy, “is best inserted at square1. Square 1 is correct because the phrase “This new party” refers directly and only to the Whigs, who are first mentioned (as a recently formed party) in sentence 1 of this paragraph. Square 2 is incorrect because the sentence before is not limited to the new Whig party. It discuss both Whigs and Democrats. Square 3 and 4 are both incorrect because the sentences preceding them refer to the Democrats (the old party), not the Whigs.

13. ○ 1, 5, 6

This is a Prose Summary question. It is completed correctly below. The correct choices are 1, 5, and 6. Choice 2, 3, and 4 are therefore incorrect.