Irma

托福寫作  常見替換字 (五)

1. Development——progress, progression, advancement, improvement, growth, flourish, prosperity, boost

A) progress (N. / V.) 進步； 前進； [生物學]進化； （向更高方向）增長；(使）進步，（使）進行； 發展； 促進；發展； （向更高方向）增進

例句

(1) The two sides made little if any progress towards agreement.

(2) Life was hard, and it became harder as the war progressed. 

B) progression (N.) （事件的）連續； 一系列； 發展，進展； <數學>級數

例句

(1) I think they saw it as a natural progression for me. 

(2) Both drugs slow the progression of HIV, but neither cures the disease. 

C) advancement (N.) 前進，進步； 提升，升級； 預付

例句

(1) He cared little for social advancement.

(2) His new contribution to the advancement of physiology was well appreciated. 

D) improvement (N.) 改進，改善，改良，增進，進步； （美）裝修，改良措施； 利用，活用； 更優秀的人，更進步的人

例句

(1) The system we introduced in 1980 has been a great improvement. 

(2) There is considerable room for improvement in state facilities for treating the mentally handicapped.

E) growth (N./Adj.) 生長； 增長； 一茬植株； 腫塊，腫瘤；發展的；增長的

例句

(1) Different teachers make different contributions to a student's growth.

(2) Real estate lending has become the biggest growth area for American banks.

F) flourish (N. / V.) 揮舞； 茂盛，繁榮； 活躍，蓬勃；華麗的辭藻； 誇張的行為或手勢； 花式吹奏

例句

(1) Racism and crime still flourish in the ghetto.

(2) He scrawled his name across the bill, underlining it with a showy flourish.

G) prosperity (N.) 繁榮； 興旺，昌盛； 成功

例句

(1) Luxembourg's prosperity was formerly based on steel manufacturing.

(2) Everyone around the world is sharing in this prosperity.

H) boost (N. / V.) 促進，提高； 增加； 吹捧； 向上推起；宣揚； [美國俚語]（尤指在商店）行竊，偷竊；； 説明； 吹捧； 加速[助推]器

例句

(1) The move is designed to boost sales during the peak booking months of January and February. 

(2) Do what you can to give her confidence and boost her morale. 

2. Important—— significant, essential, critical, crucial, vital

A) significant (N./Adj.) 重要的； 有意義的； 有重大意義的； 值得注意的；有意義的事物； 象徵，標誌

例句

(1) A small but significant number of 11-year-olds are illiterate.

(2) Russian banks and businesses have significant deposits in Cyprus.

B) essential (N./Adj.) 基本的； 必要的； 本質的； 精華的；必需品； 基本要素； 必不可少的東西

例句

(1) Early intervention is essential for those with eating disorders.

(2) In this trial two essential elements must be proven: motive and opportunity. 

C) critical (Adj.) 批評的，愛挑剔的； 關鍵的； 嚴重的； 極重要的

例句

(1) They also learn that controlling their emotions is critical.

(2) Marx's work was more than a critical study of capitalist production. 

D) crucial (Adj.) 關鍵性的，極其顯要的； 決定性的； 十字形的

例句

(1) Let's not forget that crucial bit of rebranding.

(2) It is crucial that all documents presented are authentic and easily verifiable.

E) vital (Adj.) 維持生命所必需的； 至關重要的； 生死攸關的； 生氣勃勃的

例句

(1) Support from those closest to you is vital in these trying times.

(2) She remains a vital force to be reckoned with.