Irma

托福分類單字 "Psychology" 心理學 

心理學 psychology 算是托福不管是聽力還是閱讀都滿愛考的一個主題，心理學有時會搭配著醫學、人體學等等，但是就這個部分而言，我覺得單字算是比較難，但是內容可能接觸的不少反而是比較好反應理解的。這個部分的知識算是很好找的一個題材，因為精神衛生本來就是新聞以及社會主流的一部分，所以相關的新聞雜誌報導資料都不少，因此多看看相關新聞或者對於相關疾病的專有名詞介紹可以多認識一些，都有助於理解這個題材的內容。

1) psychology (N.) 心理學        

2) mental (Adj./ N.) 內心的，精神的，思想的，心理的；智慧的，智[腦]力的；〈口〉精神病的，意志薄弱的，愚笨的；精神病患者

3) physical (Adj./ N.) 身體的，物質的，物理的；身體檢查 

4) spiritual (Adj./ N.) 精神的，心靈的；（尤指）宗教的；聖歌(尤指美國南部黑人宗教)；教會事務

5) conformity  (N.) 循規蹈矩 ；符合；一致；遵從；依照

6) majority (N.) 多數；成年；過半數

7) minority  (N.) 少數(人) ；未成年      

8) threshold judgment （心理學）初始性判斷

9) threshold  (N.) 門檻；界限；起點

10) judgment (N.) 判斷(力)；識別力； 審判；裁判；判決

11) subject  (N./ V.) 話題；問題；題目 學科；專業；主語；（尤指君主制國家的）臣民；使臣服； 受實驗物件

12) mental phenomenon 心理現象

13) phenomenon  (N.)（尤指不尋常的或有趣的）現象 ； 非凡的人（或事物）；奇才；奇跡

14) mental process 心理過程

15) mental state 心理狀態

16) state ( N./ V. /Adj.) 狀態；情形 國家；政府 ； （尤指清楚謹慎地）陳述 ； 國家的 ； 正式的

17) mental activity 心理活動

18) consciousness   (N.) 意識；感覺；覺悟

19) internal activity 內部活動 

20) general psychology  普通心理學

截取部分網路資料(心理學類)：

  You might think that most of the patients at sleep clinic are being treated for sleeplessness,commonly referred to as insomnia, but that is not the case. The majority of sleep-clinic patients suffer from disorders of excessive sleep --- or "hypersomnia." While most insomniacs somehow manage to drag themselves through the day and function at acceptable, although not optimal,levels, this is not so for people who suffer from hypersomnia.      

  They are incapacitated by irresistible urges to sleep during the day, often in inappropriate situations --- at business meetings, in supermarkets, or at parties. Even more dangerous is their failure to remain awake when driving or operating machinery. Falling asleep in such situations could obviously be life-threatening.      

  Many hypersomniacs suffer from narcolepsy, for which the primary symptom is excessive daytime sleepiness. Though not apparent in childhood, this symptom most often appears for the first time during the teen years and continues throughout a person's life. The sleep attacks may occur as many as fifteen to twenty times during the course of the day and last for periods from fifteen minutes up to two hours.      

  What can be done to help those suffering from narcolepsy? There are certain drugs that can help,and specialists suggest voluntary napping to decrease the frequency of such sleep attacks.