Irma

托福分類單字 "Philosophy" 哲學 

之前做過托福有關哲學部分的聽力真的會讓人很崩潰，首先單字就不是熟悉了，因為如果刻意要找尋哲學相關的文章內容，老實說並不是那麼容易，而且往往要是找到了內容也都滿艱澀難懂，所以對於這個部分沒有什麼接觸，真的很容易在這個部分失分，但是也不能賭看看到底會不會考，所以多少還是要了解一下相關內容比較好。寧願有準備沒考，也不要沒準備卻考出來的扼腕，尤其是在已經知道有考的可能的時候。

1) Plato 柏拉圖

2) Rationality (N.) 理性,

3) rational (Adj.)  頭腦清醒的；理智的

4) Reasoning (N.) 推理；推斷  

5) rhetoric (N.)  修辭（學）； 浮誇之詞 ； 雄辯言辭；煽動性語言

6) Sensibility  (N.) 感性

7) Sense (V. / N.)  官能；感覺；知覺 ； 整體感覺；領悟 ； （尤指基於切實的想法或理解的）理智 ； 含意； 意識到；感覺到

8) Soul(N.)  靈魂；心性 精神；熱情，真摯情感；高尚情操；氣魄； 某種人

9) spirit (N.) 精神；（尤指特定人群、活動、時代或地方的）主導精神 ； 鬼魂 ；熱情；活力；勇氣；烈酒

10) Ration (N.) 定量配給

11) theory (N.) 理論；學說；意見

12) Ultimate (Adj.)  極端的；最重要的；最初的；最終的；最好的；最差的  

13) Universal (Adj.)  普遍的；全體的；共同的

14) justification (N.) 正當的理由；辯解題目，主題(歌、曲)

15) Logic (N.) 邏輯思維；邏輯學；邏輯推理

16) Moral (Adj.)  道德的； 品行端正的

17) Theme (N.)（談話、書籍、電影等的）

18) Principle (N.) 原则； （行為）準則；道德

19) Perceive (V.)  認為；看待；視為 ； 察覺；注意到

20) Perception (N.)  見解，觀念 知覺；感知 ；感知能力；認識能力；洞察力

截取部分網路資料(哲學類)：

According to Socrates, physical objects and physical events are "shadows" of their ideal or perfect forms, and exist only to the extent that they instantiate the perfect versions of themselves. Just as shadows are temporary, inconsequential epiphenomena produced by physical objects, physical objects are themselves fleeting phenomena caused by more substantial causes, the ideals of which they are mere instances. For example, Socrates thinks that perfect justice exists (although it is not clear where) and his own trial would be a cheap copy of it.

The Allegory of the Cave (often said by scholars to represent Plato's own epistemology and metaphysics) is intimately connected to his political ideology (often said to also be Plato's own), that only people who have climbed out of the cave and cast their eyes on a vision of goodness are fit to rule. Socrates claims that the enlightened men of society must be forced from their divine contemplations and be compelled to run the city according to their lofty insights. Thus is born the idea of the "philosopher-king", the wise person who accepts the power thrust upon him by the people who are wise enough to choose a good master. This is the main thesis of Socrates in the Republic, that the most wisdom the masses can muster is the wise choice of a ruler.

資料轉載自wiki