托福單字 同義、近似字 (一)
托福考試中很重要的一點是"換句話說"，也就是說透過換句話說的方式測驗考生對單字的認知和掌握運用的能力。所以在整理托福單字不只是要分科整理，最好在看文章或寫作時也要將自己認識的同義或相似字整理出來，會非常有助於擴大使用單字的能力。
減少、減輕、降低
| decrease | (V.) | to become less, or to make something become less |
| (N.) |
a reduction |
例句：
(1) If the egg is not fertilised oestrogen and progesterone decrease.
(2) Bank base rates have fallen from 10 per cent to 6 per cent — a decrease of 40 per cent.
| reduction | (N.) | the act of making something, or of something becoming, smaller in size, amount, degree, importance, etc. |
例句：
(1) Many companies have announced dramatic reductions in staff.
(2) If deficit reduction aggravates these biases, more Americans may choose not to have children or to have fewer children.
| allay | (V.) |
f you allay a strong emotion felt by someone, such as fear or worry, youcause them to feel it less or to feel calm again |
例句：
(1) He did what he could to allay his wife's fears.
(2) He also sought to allay concerns about security.
| assuage | (V.) | to make unpleasant feelings less strong |
例句：
(1) She was just trying to assuage her guilt by playing the devoted mother.
(2) The medicine is used to assuage pain.
| mollify | (V.) |
to make someone less angry or upset |
例句：
(1) The investigation was undertaken primarily to mollify pressure groups.
(2) Throughout, Rucker's velvety voice manages to both mollify and add a sinister dimension to the harshness of her subject matter.
| soothe | (V.) | to make someone feel calm or less worried o make someone feel calm or less worried；to make a part of the body less painful. |
例句：
(1) This exercise is done in one smooth motion.
(2) A number of problems marred the smooth running of this event.
| mitigate | (V.) |
to make something less harmful, unpleasant, or bad |
例句：
(1) The cost of getting there is mitigated by Sydney's offer of a subsidy.
(2) Governments should endeavour to mitigate distress.
減弱；變弱
| decrease | (V.) | to become less, or to make something become less |
| (N.) |
a reduction |
例句：
(1) If the egg is not fertilised oestrogen and progesterone decrease.
(2) Bank base rates have fallen from 10 per cent to 6 per cent — a decrease of 40 per cent.
| dwindle | (V.) | to become smaller in size or amount, or fewer in number |
例句：
(1) Yet, as earth's other natural resources dwindle, nations eye the Antarctic as a final repository.
(2) Convergence could mean that single-function devices start to dwindle in number.
| ebb | (V.) |
If a physical or emotional feeling ebbs, it becomes less strong or disappears.；When the sea or tide ebbs, it moves away from the coast and falls to a lower level. |
例句：
(1) We decided to leave on the ebb at six o'clock next morning.
(2) Were there occasions when enthusiasm ebbed?
| subside | (V.) |
If a condition subsides, it becomes less strong or extreme. ；If a building, land, or water subsides, it goes down to a lower level. |
例句：
(1) She waited nervously for his anger to subside.
(2) Violence has subsided following two days of riots.
| wane | (V.) |
to become weaker in strength or influence；The moon wanes when it gradually appears less and less round, after the full moon. |
例句：
(1) While his interest in these sports began to wane, a passion for rugby developed.
(2) In 1982, with his career prospects on the wane, he sold a script for £5,000.
| weaken | (V.) |
to (cause to) become less strong, powerful, determined, or effective |
例句：
(1) Malnutrition obviously weakens the patient.
(2) But Russia fears the system will weaken its nuclear deterrent.
| impair | (V.) | to spoil something or make it weaker s |
例句：
(1) His movements were painfully impaired by arthritis.
(2) Being toothless did not impair one's capacity to eat army food.
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