Irma

 The Expression Emotions  TOEFL 托福閱讀考古題 解答 (二)  

但是基本上字彙和 Factual Information question的事實信息題還是為托福閱讀主要的問題走向，這兩個部分如果預先就有該部分的知識的話，文章的主旨上就會更清楚，要回頭從文章中抓關鍵字句也會更簡單，而且事實信息題也可以從選項從先去刪除與文章內容不相符的內容，減少耗費時間去找文章中不須要的資訊。

7. ○ 1

This is a Factual Information question asking for specific information that can be found in the passage. The correct answer is choice 1, emotions that are not expressed become less intense. This is correct based on the direct quotation of Darwin in paragraph 3. In that quotation, Darwin says that emotions that are freely expressed become more intense, while “on the other hand those that are not freely expressed are “softened,” meaning that they become less intense. Choices 2, 3, and 4are all incorrect because there is nothing in the passage that indicates Darwin ever believed these things about expressing emotions. Some or all of them mat actually be true, but there is nothing in this passage that supports them.

8. ○ 1

This is a Factual Information question asking for specific information that can be found in the passage. You can see that the phrase “The facial-feedback hypothesis” is highlighted where it first appears in the passage in paragraph 3. The correct answer is choice 1, research supporting this hypothesis came from studying experiments of the reactions of people to cartoons. This idea is found in paragraph 4, which uses these experiments as an example of how facial feedback works. Choice 3, the release of neurotransmitters, is mentioned in paragraph 5 but, not in connection with the facial-feedback hypothesis, so it incorrect. Choices 2 ad 4 are not explicitly mentioned at all in the passage.

9. ○ 1

This is a Vocabulary question. The word being tested is rate, and it is highlighted in the passage. The correct answer is choice 1, “judge.” Rate in this context means “to judge.”

10. ○ 4

This is a Vocabulary question. The word being tested is relevant, and it is highlighted in the passage. The correct answer is choice 4, “applicable.” Relevant means that Ekman’s observation applies (“is applicable”) to an expression.

11. ○ 4

This is a Factual Information question asking for specific information that can be found in the passage. The correct answer is choice 4; stiffening the upper lip may either heighten or reduce emotional response. This is stated explicitly in paragraph 6 of the passage as a possible paradox in the relationship between facial expressions and emotions.

Choice 1 is incorrect because paragraph 6 contradicts it.

Choice 2 is incorrect because the passage mentions only the fear and tension of a person trying to keep a stiff upper lip, not any fear or tension that expression may cause in others.

Choice 3 is incorrect because there is no suggestion anywhere in the passage that stiffening the upper lip may damage lip muscles.

12. ○ 3

This is Insert Text question. You can see the four black squares in paragraph 2 that represent the possible answer choices here.

■ Most investigators concur that certain facial expressions suggest the same emotions in all people.■ Moreover, people in diverse culture recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expressions. ■ In classic research Paul Ekman took photographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness. ■ He then asked people around the word to indicate what emotions were being depicted in them. Those queried ranged from European college students to members of the Fore, a tribe that dwells in the New Guinea highlands. All groups, including the Fore, who had almost no contact with Western culture, agreed on the portrayed emotions. The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions when asked how they would respond if they were the characters in stories that called for basic emotional responses. Ekman and his colleagues more recently obtained similar results in a study of ten cultures in which participants were permitted to report that multiple emotions were shown by facial expressions. The participants generally agreed on which two emotions were being shown and which emotion was more intense.

The sentence provided, “This universality in the recognition of emotions was demonstrated by using rather simple methods,” is best inserted at square 3. Square 3 is correct because the inserted sentence begins with the phrase “This universality.” The universality being referred to is the fact, stated in the second sentence, that “people in diverse cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expressions.” None of the other answer choices follows a sentence that contains a universal statement. Sentence 1 mentions that “Most investigators concur,” which means that some do not. Therefore this is not a universality statement. Squares 2 and 4 are incorrect because there is nothing in either sentence to which “ This universality” could refer.

13. ○ 2,4, 6

This is a Prose Summary question.  It is complete correctly below. The correct choices are 2, 4, and 6. Choices 1, 3, and 5 are therefore incorrect.