Irma

很多初次接觸托福的學生總是會非常擔心寫作中的綜合寫作部分，也就是我們所謂的小作文。

他們常提出這樣的疑問：“怎麼考得這麼變態啊?讀了又聽再寫!”其實大家完全不必為此如此焦慮，等看完下面的文章，讀完下面的四大必殺技，我相信你一定會豁然開朗!

• 技巧一：summarize，也就是概括閱讀和聽力文章的主要內容和各三個分論點。這其實就是Introduction要寫的內容，掌握了概括，第一段就不成問題!

  

• 技巧二：Paraphrase，也就是改寫。掌握好了改寫句子，你寫起文章來將會感覺到如魚得水，遊刃有餘。
  改寫其實主要有下面的兩種方法：
  第一，使用不同的詞彙
  a.使用同義詞，比如以下的一些寫作高頻詞彙的同義詞，你一定要掌握，出現的尤為頻繁。
  important→essential, crucial, vital, significant,
  think→claim, believe, consider, deem, figure out
  nowadays→currently, at present, now, recently, in recent years,these days
  
  b.改變詞性，這是一種稍微難一些的方法，要求你的語法基礎非常好，你才能靈活自如的運用。
  n. → v.
  Eg：When we look at a comparison between Aand B…
  When we compare A and B…
  Adj. → n.
  There are a variety of solutions to the problem.
  There are various solutions to the problem.
  
  c. 使用不同的承接詞。承接詞在文章當中的使用相當頻繁，不僅是段落和段落的連接，還包括句子和句子的連接。背住一些常用的承接詞比你的改寫將會有極大的作用。
  because of → due to, owing to, because, as, since, for
  but → however, nevertheless, nonetheless, whereas
  so→therefore, hence, thus, consequently
  
  d.形容詞的逆向表達。在某些形容詞上進行修改，會達到非比尋常的效果。
  Eg: not as easyas…→more difficult than…
  Not uncommon→common
  Thecheapest → the least expensive
   

  

  
  第二，使用不同的句型
  a. 改變詞序。這是非常簡單的一種方法，完全不用動腦筋就可以進行改寫。常常將句子中的狀語(包括狀語從句)換位置。
  Eg: For manyyears, people have believed ….→People believed… for many years.
  After this programs has been solved, work on … can continue.
  b. 主動語態和被動語態的互相替換
  
  Eg: Trained scientists performed this research.→This research was performed by trained scientists.
  c. 使用“there be” 句型，可以將一個簡單句，馬上變成一個加入定語從句或者分詞的複雜句。
  
  Eg: Severalcomputer programs can be used to solve this problem.→There areseveral computer programs that can be used to solve this problem.或There areseveral computer programs used to solve this problem.
  d.定語從句，分詞和插入語的互相替換
  
  Eg: Study…, conducted by sociologists in 2004,shows that…→Study…, which was conducted by sociologists in 2004,shows that…
  Eg: This…, which is one of the most powerful … in theworld, has…→This…, one of the most powerful… in the world, has…

  

  
   
• 技巧三：Cite，即引用。
  綜合寫作乃客觀寫作，只是一個旁觀者的角度對這兩篇文章的內容進行描述，因此，某觀點是出自哪篇文章一定要說清楚。所以，下面的這些句型在綜合寫作中必不可缺。
  a.According to+noun.
  Eg: According to thepassage/lecture/author/professor,…
  
  b.Subject+verbs of reporting+that clause
  Eg: The authortells/reports/suggests/explains/says/argues/states/indicates/claims/pointsout/thinks/believes that…
  或The speakeragrees/disagrees/rejects/disputes/challenges/takes a different view….
  
  c. As is indicated/displayed/illustrated in thepassage/lecture,...
• 技巧四：Synthesize，也就是連接。
  具體來講，就是承接詞的使用是相當重要的，將文章當中的重要資訊連接起來，體現作者對於兩篇文章的理解正確，說明作者的思路清楚。
  由於綜合寫作是對兩篇文章的比較，所以下面表對比和遞進的承接詞使用的最頻繁。
  a.Transitional words showing contrast: however, on the other hand,in contrast, on the contrary
  b.Transitional words showingaddition: moreover, furthermore, in addition, besides, as well