在英語學習中,對詞彙的積累是最基礎的要求之一。托福考試也不例外,尤其是在托福閱讀裡面會有針對文章中較難詞彙的考題,出現的概率是每篇文章3~5題,這也讓眾多考生頭痛不已。
如何讓這些較難詞彙不再成為備考路上的難題呢?
下面將會列舉三大種攻克託福閱讀中較難詞彙的方法,希望對考生在備考的過程當中有所幫助。
一. 構詞法
中文會有偏旁部首,而英語詞彙也是如此。詞彙的構成有一定規律可循,通常有如下兩種:
1. 合成法:將兩個單詞合成構成一個新詞。
out + break = outbreak 爆發
down + hill = downhill 下坡的
over + throw = overthrow 推翻
hot + foot = hotfoot 匆忙地
before + hand = beforehand 事先
2. 派生法:在詞根前後加上首碼或尾碼,構成一個與原單詞意義相近或截然相反的新詞。
首碼:
value (名詞,價值) + de-(下,向下) → devalue (動詞,降低…的價值)
little (形容詞,小的) + be- (使……成為)→ belittle (動詞,輕視)
尾碼:
inflame (動詞,點火) + -ability (能……) → inflammability (名詞,易燃性)
conceive (動詞,設想)+ -able(可……的) → conceivable (形容詞,可想像的)
例題:This unprecedented development of a finite groundwater resource with an almost negligible natural recharge rate—that is, virtually no natural water source to replenish the water supply—has caused water tables in the region to fall drastically.
Q: The word “unprecedented” in the passage is closest in meaning to
A: difficult to control
B: without any restriction
C: unlike anything in the past
D: rapidly expanding
解析:un表示not沒有,pre表示before之前,precede是在……之前的意思,所以選擇C正確。
二. 語境法
根據上下文語境內容來推斷出某個詞彙的含義,就是語境法。通常託福閱讀中考查到以下兩種語境:
1. 並列語境:所考查的詞彙跟前後形成一個同義的關係。
例題:Given a year of favorable precipitation, such plants will develop vigorously and produce large numbers of flowers and fruit.
Q: In saying that ephemerals will develop “vigorously" when there is favorable precipitation, the author means that their development will be
A: sudden
B: early
C: gradual
D: strong and healthy
解析:可以利用句子的並列關係來推測,develop vigorously和生產大量的花和果實並列,那麼很明顯,D選項最合適。
2. 轉折語境:所考查的詞彙跟前後形成一個相反的關係。
For example, a pond in hilly country that maintains a steady water level all through a dry summer in spite of having no streams flowing into it must obviously be seepage dominated. Conversely, a pond with a stream flowing in one end and out the other, which dries up when the stream dries up, is clearly surface water dominated.
Q: The word Conversely meaning to
A: on the other hand
B: in the same way
C: in other words
D: on average
解析:原句說有河水流入流出的是surface water dominated,前一句說一個沒有地表水流入的pond是seepage dominated,那麼後文當然與之相對,所以正確答案是A。
三. 歸納法
“狂背單詞,疏於整理”是一大誤區。積累單詞的同時,要進行整理歸納,以下有兩種推崇的方法:
1. 意群法:將意思相近的單詞放在一起進行記憶。
吝嗇:stingy, penurious, niggardly, miserly, parsimonious, petty
貧窮:indigent, impoverished, destitute, penniless, impecunious, poverty
2. 類比法:將形式相近的單詞放在一起進行記憶。
infect v.感染,傳染
affect v.影響;感染;感動;假裝
inflect v.彎曲;改變;使屈曲
effect n.影響;效果;作用
以上就是三大攻克託福閱讀中較難詞彙的方法。
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